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A2German Grammar

German Dative Case

The dative case marks the indirect object — the person or thing receiving the action indirectly. Articles change: der→dem, die→der, das→dem. Many common verbs exclusively take the dative.

The dative case (Dativ) marks the indirect object — typically the person who receives something or benefits from an action. It answers the question Wem? (To whom? / For whom?)

When to Use the Dative

The dative is used for the indirect object in sentences with two objects: Ich gebe dem Mann das Buch. (I give the man the book.) It is also required after certain verbs, prepositions, and in some fixed expressions.

Dative Article Changes

All genders change in the dative: masculine der → dem, feminine die → der, neuter das → dem, plural die → den (plus nouns in the plural dative often add -n if they do not already end in -n or -s).

Dative Verbs

Some German verbs take a dative object instead of an accusative one. These must be memorized: helfen (to help), danken (to thank), gehören (to belong to), gefallen (to please/like), folgen (to follow), antworten (to answer), gratulieren (to congratulate), glauben (to believe someone), fehlen (to be missing/to miss).

Dative Prepositions

These prepositions always require the dative: aus (from/out of), bei (at/near), mit (with), nach (after/to), seit (since/for), von (from/of), zu (to). A mnemonic: aus bei mit nach seit von zu.

Dative Pronouns

Personal pronouns in the dative: ich → mir, du → dir, er → ihm, sie → ihr, es → ihm, wir → uns, ihr → euch, sie → ihnen, Sie → Ihnen.

Reference Tables

Dative Article Changes

GenderNominativeDative
Masculineder / eindem / einem
Femininedie / eineder / einer
Neuterdas / eindem / einem
Pluraldieden (+n on noun)

Dative Personal Pronouns

NominativeDative
ichmir
dudir
erihm
sie (she)ihr
esihm
wiruns
ihreuch
sie (they)ihnen
Sie (formal)Ihnen

Example Sentences

Ich gebe dem Mann das Buch.

I give the man the book.

'dem Mann' is dative (indirect object)

Sie hilft der Frau.

She helps the woman.

'helfen' always takes dative — 'der Frau' not 'die Frau'

Er kommt mit dem Zug.

He comes by train.

'mit' always requires dative: dem Zug

Das Buch gehört mir.

The book belongs to me.

'gehören' takes dative — 'mir' not 'mich'

Common Mistakes

Ich helfe der Mann.

Ich helfe dem Mann.

'Helfen' takes dative. Masculine 'der' changes to 'dem' in the dative case.

Er gibt mich das Buch.

Er gibt mir das Buch.

The indirect object (person receiving something) takes the dative pronoun 'mir', not the accusative 'mich'.

Sie fährt mit die Straßenbahn.

Sie fährt mit der Straßenbahn.

'Mit' always requires dative. Feminine 'die' changes to 'der' in the dative.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the dative case in German?

The dative case marks the indirect object in a sentence — the person or thing receiving something indirectly. It changes articles: der→dem, die→der, das→dem. Ask 'Wem?' (To whom?) to find the dative.

Which German verbs take the dative?

Common dative verbs include: helfen (to help), danken (to thank), gehören (to belong to), gefallen (to please), folgen (to follow), antworten (to answer), gratulieren (to congratulate), and fehlen (to be missing).

What are the dative prepositions in German?

The prepositions aus (from), bei (at), mit (with), nach (after/to), seit (since), von (from/of), and zu (to) always require the dative case. The mnemonic 'aus bei mit nach seit von zu' helps memorize them.

Related Grammar Topics

Related Words

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